1. Rumsfeld to Shultz, "The Swamp," November 23, 1983.

2. Rumsfeld to Shultz, "The Swamp," November 23, 1983.

3. Rumsfeld to Shultz, "The Swamp," November 23, 1983.

4. Rumsfeld to Shultz, "The Swamp," November 23, 1983.

5. Tom Clancy with General Carl Stiner (Ret.) and Tony Koltz, Shadow Warriors: Inside the Special Forces (New York: Berkley Publishing Group, 2002), pp. 235-36.

6. U.S. Department of Defense, Report of the DoD Commission on Beirut International Airport Terrorist Act, October 23, 1983 (Long Commission Report), December 20, 1983.

7. Ronald Reagan, remarks and question-and-answer session with reporters, "On the Pentagon Report on the Security of United States Marines in Lebanon," December 27, 1983.

8. Ronald Reagan, remarks and question-and-answer session with reporters, "On the Pentagon Report on the Security of United States Marines in Lebanon," December 27, 1983.

9. John Roberts, "Marine Barracks Bombing," CNN Presents, CNN, August 13, 2006.

10. Saul Friedman, "Reagan Pressured," Knight-Ridder News Service, January 4, 1984.

11. Rumsfeld to Shultz, "The Swamp," November 23, 1983.

12. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years (New York: HarperCollins, 1993), p. 327.

13. State Department cable, "Middle East Mission Meeting with Mrs. Thatcher," January 20, 1984.

14. Rumsfeld, "Lebanese Strategy," undated.

15. Ronald Reagan, radio address, "On the Budget Deficit, Central America, and Lebanon," February 4, 1984.

16. Rumsfeld to Shultz, State Department cable, "Next Steps in Lebanon," January 31, 1984.

17. Lou Cannon, President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), pp. 399-400.

18. McFarlane to Rumsfeld, cable, "Implementation of NSDD-123," February 4, 1984.

19. Shultz to American Embassy Beirut, State Department cable, "Rumsfeld Report, 2/8/84," February 10, 1984.

20. Ronald Reagan, "Statement on the Situation in Lebanon," February 7, 1984.

21. George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1993), p. 231.

22. Rick Hampson, "25 Years Later, Bombing in Beirut Still Resonates," USA Today, October 15, 2008.

23. Osama bin Laden, transcript of Al Jazeera tape, Reuters, October 29, 2004; Mohamad Bazzi, "'A Thousand New bin Ladens,'" Newsday, July 31, 2006.

24. Rumsfeld, remarks, "On the Awarding of the George Catlett Marshall Medal," October 17, 1984.

25. George Shultz, address, "Terrorism and the Modern World," New York, Park Avenue Synagogue, October 25, 1984.