1. Joint Chiefs of Staff, “Forces in Afghanistan September 2001–May 2007 (Boots on the Ground),” undated.

2. Rumsfeld to Abizaid et al., “Karzai’s Strategy on Warlordism,” September 15, 2003.

3. Rumsfeld to Franks et al., “Afghan National Army,” January 28, 2002; Rumsfeld to Feith et al., “Afghanistan,” May 2, 2003.

4. OSD Policy, “Principles for Afghanistan—Policy Guidelines,” July 7, 2003.

5. David Rohde and David E. Sanger, “How a ‘Good War’ in Afghanistan Went Bad,” New York Times, August 12, 2007; “Will Afghanistan Be Obama’s Iraq?” The Week, December 8, 2008; Don Gonyea, “Is Obama in an ‘Afghan Box’?” NPR, September 29, 2009.

6. Jason H. Campbell and Jeremy Shapiro, “Afghanistan Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-9/11 Afghanistan,” Brookings Institution, October 28, 2008.

7. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Afghanistan,” August 20, 2002.

8. Rice to Cheney et al., “‘Accelerating Success in Afghanistan’ in 2004: An Assessment,” January 18, 2005.

9. Powell, letter to Rumsfeld, April 16, 2002; Rumsfeld to Wolfowitz et al., “Afghanistan Funding,” September 15, 2004; Rumsfeld to Feith, cc: Wolfowitz, “Afghan Army,” October 22, 2003; Rumsfeld to Abizaid et al., “Afghan Security Forces,” December 19, 2003.

10. Rumsfeld to Rice, “Afghan National Police,” February 23, 2005.

11. David Rohde, “Overhaul of Afghan Police Is New Priority,” New York Times, October 18, 2007.

12. Rumsfeld to Rice, “Afghan National Police,” February 23, 2005.

13. Rumsfeld to Myers et al., “Afghan Security Responsibility,” April 7, 2004; Rumsfeld to Powell, “Afghanistan Briefing Papers,” September 21, 2004.

14. Rep. Robert Andrews and Rep. Mark Kirk, cochairs, Integrating 21st Century Development and Security Assistance: Final Report of the Task Force on Nontraditional Security Assistance, Center for Strategic & International Studies, January 2008, p. 7.

15. Rumsfeld to Abizaid et al., “Training and Equipping of Police in Afghanistan and Iraq,” August 2, 2006.

16. Rumsfeld to Hadley, “Afghan National Police,” March 4, 2005.

17. David Rohde, “Overhaul of Afghan Police Is New Priority,” New York Times, October 18, 2007.

18. “Foreign Assistance Reform,” draft working paper, May 19, 2005.

19. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109-163), January 6, 2006.

20. Combined Forces Command—Afghanistan, “What Has Changed?” December 6, 2004.

21. Rumsfeld to Hadley, cc: Edelman, “Staffing PRTs in Afghanistan,” August 18, 2006, with attachment, “Staffing of PRTs in Afghanistan as of August 1, 2006”; “Status of Civilianizing PRTs in Afghanistan,” April 19, 2005.

22. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Decision on Ambassador to Afghanistan,” January 21, 2005.

23. Rumsfeld to Hadley, “Ambassador to Iraq,” March 6, 2006.

24. Rumsfeld to Edelman, “Strmecki,” May 18, 2006; Rumsfeld to Cheney et al., “Marin Strmecki and Afghanistan Briefing,” August 25, 2006.

25. Marin Strmecki, “Afghanistan at a Crossroads: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Way Ahead,” August 17, 2006.

26. Rumsfeld to Cheney et al., “Marin Strmecki and Afghanistan Briefing,” August 25, 2006; Rumsfeld to Cheney et al., “Briefing by Marin Strmecki on Afghanistan,” September 22, 2006; Rumsfeld to Hadley, cc: Edelman, “Strmecki Brief,” October 17, 2006.

27. Marin Strmecki, “Afghanistan at a Crossroads: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Way Ahead,” August 17, 2006.

28. Marin Strmecki, “Afghanistan at a Crossroads: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Way Ahead,” August 17, 2006.

29. Marin Strmecki, “Afghanistan at a Crossroads: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Way Ahead,” August 17, 2006.

30. Mira R. Ricardel to Rumsfeld, “Concept Paper on Merging ISAF and OEF into a Single Command,” October 12, 2004.

31. Rumsfeld to Powell, “Afghanistan—Embassy Kabul Staffing,” March 26, 2004.

32. Luti to Rumsfeld, “Embassy Kabul Staffing,” January 26, 2004.

33. Rumsfeld to Hadley, “PRT Memos,” January 26, 2006.

34. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, May 26, 2006.

35. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “What to Do When ‘Succeeding’ Requires More Than Military Power Alone,” October 10, 2006.

36. Rumsfeld to Cheney et al., “Marin Strmecki and Afghanistan Briefing,” August 25, 2006; Rumsfeld to Cheney et al., “Briefing by Marin Strmecki on Afghanistan,” September 22, 2006; Rumsfeld to Hadley, cc: Edelman, “Strmecki Brief,” October 17, 2006.