1. Charles Duelfer, “Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD” (Duelfer Report), vol. I, September 30, 2004, p. 1 (Regime Strategic Intent section).

2. Charles Duelfer,“Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD” (Duelfer Report), vol. I, September 30, 2004, p. 51 (Regime Strategic Intent section).

3. Karl Rove, Courage and Consequence: My Life as a Conservative in the Fight (New York: Threshold Editions, 2010), p. 342.

4. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Alternative Approaches to Iraq,” November 6, 2006.

5. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Iraq Policy: Proposal for the New Phase,” December 8, 2006.

6. OSD Policy, “Security Update: Situation in al-Anbar,” October 26,2006.

7. Rumsfeld, “Iraq—Illustrative New Courses of Action,” November 6, 2006.

8. Rumsfeld, “Iraq—Illustrative New Courses of Action,” November 6, 2006.

9. Peter W. Rodman, Presidential Command: Power, Leadership, and the Making of Foreign Policy from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 266.

10. Peter Rodman, Presidential Command: Power, Leadership, and the Making of Foreign Policy from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 267.

11. Department of Defense notes of NSC meeting, December 13, 2006.

12. Peter Rodman, Presidential Command: Power, Leadership, and the Making of Foreign Policy from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 268.

13. Joel Roberts, “Senator Reid on Iraq: ‘This War Is Lost,’” CBS News, April 20, 2007; Barack Obama, interviewed by Tim Russert, Meet the Press, NBC News, October 22, 2006.

14. Juan Abdel Nasser, “The 12 Fastest Growing Economies in 2010,” EconomyWatch.com, October 13, 2009.

15. Department of Defense, The National Defense Strategy of the United States of America, March 2005.

16. Rumsfeld to Rice et al., “Iraq,” July 27, 2001.

17. Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston: Little, Brown, 1982), p. 638.

18. George W. Bush, address, Joint Session of Congress, Washington, D.C., September 20, 2001.

19. Rumsfeld, “What Are We Fighting? Is It a Global War on Terror?” June 18, 2004.

20. Wolfowitz to Rumsfeld, “National Defense Strategy,” February 7, 2005.

21. Rumsfeld to Card et al., “Mobilizing Moderate Muslims,” July 19, 2005.

22. Adlai E. Stevenson, address at the Senior Class Banquet, Princeton Class of 1954, March 22, 1954.