Chapter 40: Law in a Time of War
1. Andrew C. McCarthy, Willful Blindness: A Memoir of the Jihad (New York: Encounter Books, 2008), pp. 304–5; Andrew C. McCarthy, “The Intelligence Mess: How It Happened, What to Do About It,” Commentary, April 2004, p. 16; Ronald Kessler, The CIA at War: Inside the Secret Campaign Against Terror (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003), pp. 226–27.
2. Military Order of November 13, 2001—Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism,” Federal Register, vol. 66, no. 222, November 16, 2001.
3. “Military Commissions,” Time, May 18, 2009; William Winthrop, Military Law and Precedents, 2nd edition (Boston: Little, Brown, 1896), vol. II, pp. 1297–1298.
4. Francis Biddle, In Brief Authority (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962), p. 330.
5. Editorial, “A Travesty of Justice,” New York Times, November 16, 2001; Hearing of the Senate Judiciary Committee, “DOJ Oversight: Preserving Our Freedoms While Defending Against Terrorism,” opening statement of Senator Patrick Leahy, November 28, 2001.
6. William Safire, “Kangaroo Courts,” New York Times, November 26, 2001.
7. Department of Defense Military Commission Order No. 1, March 21, 2002.
8. Editorial, “Refining Military Tribunals,” New York Times, March 22, 2002.
9. William Safire, “Military Tribunals Modified,” New York Times, March 21, 2002.
10. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006).
11. Ex parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1 (1942).
12. Ex parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1, 35 (1942).
13. Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763 (1950).
14. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006).
15. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), “Convention (III) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War,” Article 3, Geneva, August 12, 1949.
16. Department of Defense Directive 2310.01E, “The Department of Defense Detainee Program,” September 5, 2006.
17. Rumsfeld to Cambone, “Finalization of New Army Field Manual,” December 19, 2005.
18. Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 811 (2008) (Roberts, C. J., dissenting).
19. Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S., 763, 779 (1950).
20. David Rivkin and Lee Casey, “Lawfare,” Wall Street Journal, February 23, 2007; Charles J. Dunlap, Jr., “Lawfare: A Decisive Element of 21st-Century Conflicts?” Joint Forces Quarterly, issue 54, 3rd quarter, 2009.
21. James Ridgeway with Ariston-Lizabeth Anderson and Sandra Bisin, “Manhattan’s Milosevic: How You Can Do What the Government Won’t: Arrest Henry Kissinger,” Village Voice, August 15, 2001.
22. “US Warned on Deadly Drone Attacks,” BBC News, October 28, 2009.
23. Ian Black and Ewen MacAskill, “US Threatens Nato Boycott Over Belgian War Crimes Law,” The Guardian, June 13, 2003.
24. Rumsfeld to Cheney et al., “Judicialization of International Politics,” April 9, 2003.